Students' attitudes toward environmental conservation and its relationship to their level of environmental knowledge according to the results of the international study TIMSS 2023: A comparative study: Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Korea, and USA

Abstract

The study aimed to identify students' attitudes towards environmental conservation and its relationship to their level of environmental knowledge according to the results of the international study TIMSS 2023 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Korea, and the United States. The sample included all students who participated in the TIMSS 2023 study for the four countries, numbering (50,953) male and female students, where the number of participants reached (5,882) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the number of participants from the UAE reached (32,740), (4,257) in Korea, and (8,074) in the United States. The causal comparative approach was used, and the relationship was studied. After conducting statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, the results showed positive attitudes of students towards environmental conservation. The results also showed a very weak relationship between environmental knowledge and students' attitudes towards environmental conservation. Students' attitudes towards environmental conservation only explained (7%), (6%), (10%), and (9%) of the variance in the level of environmental knowledge in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Korea, and the United States Ranking