Variation of Mathematical Literacy Among Students Participating in (PISA 2022) Attributed to Students' Demographic, Economic, and Family Variables: A Comparative Study of the Results of Participants from Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Qatar, and Singapore

Abstract

The current study aimed to reveal how demographic, economic and family variables affected students’ levels of mathematical literacy according to PISA 2022 in Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Qatar and Singapore. The sample included all students who participated in PISA 2022 (45,810) participants. The number of participants in Saudi Arabia was (6928) with an average of (389), (7676) participants with an average of (412) in Qatar, while participants from the UAE reached (24600) with an average of (433), Participating from Singapore was (6606) with an average of (573.93). Multiple regression analysis was used, which revealed that these variables contributed to explaining (3.7%) of the variance in mathematical literacy in Saudi Arabia, (8.5%) in Qatar, (10.7%) in Emirates, and (5.8%) in Singapore. The result also showed that there was a variance between the levels of mathematical literacy attributed to (students’ gender, economic, Parental involvement). This study recommends the necessity of family involvement in educational process, which contributes to motivating their children in the classrooms. The study also recommends taking into consideration the economic status of families and the role of nutrition in the educational process